Категория доверия в исследованиях менеджмента

Виталий Леонидович Тамбовцев

doi:10.21638/spbu18.2018.406

Авторы

Виталий Леонидович Тамбовцев Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова, Россия https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0667-3391

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu18.2018.406

Аннотация

Анализ влияния доверия на различные стороны функционирования и взаимодействия фирм занимает значимое место в исследованиях менеджмента. Вместе с тем само понимание феномена доверия далеко от четкости и однозначности — это понятие пока не имеет ясного и общепринятого определения. На базе анализа широкого множества пониманий доверия в статье предлагается понимание доверия как ментальной репрезентации ожидания неоппортунистического поведения контрагента, возникающей неосознанно, но сознательно корректируемой на основе поступающей новой информации. Основу этой репрезентации можно назвать личным концептом доверия индивида. Личный концепт доверия представляет собой совокупность нейронных процессов и состояний (нейрокоррелятов), сформировавшихся и изменяющихся в течение всей жизни индивида, которая выступает для него основой оценки потенциальных доверяемых. Показано, что имеющиеся трактовки доверия логически выводятся из предложенного в статье его понимания. Рассматриваются некоторые прикладные следствия предложенного понимания доверия.

Ключевые слова:

доверие, исходное доверие, нейрокоррелят, личный концепт доверия

Скачивания

Данные скачивания пока недоступны.

Библиографические ссылки

REFERENCES

Ajzen I. 2001. Nature and operation of attitudes. Annual Review of Psychology 52: 27–58.

Ashraf N., Bohnet I., Piankov N. 2006. Decomposing trust and trustworthiness. Experimental Economics 9 (3): 193–208.

Aviezer H., Bentin S., Dudarev V., Hassin R. R. 2011.The automaticity of emotional face-context integration. Emotion 11 (6): 1406–1414.

Bandura A. 1977. Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review 84 (2): 191–215.

Bar M. 2007. The proactive brain: Using analogies and associations to generate predictions. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 11 (7): 280–289.

Barbalet J. 2009. A characterization of trust, and its consequences. Theory and Society 38 (4): 367–382.

Barber B. 1983. The Logic and Limits of Trust. Rutgers University Press: New Brunswick, NJ.

Baron J. 1998. Trust: Beliefs and morality. In: Ben-Ner A., Putterman L. (eds). Economics, Values, and Organization. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge; 408–418.

Becker L. C. 1996. Trust as noncognitive security about motives. Ethics 107 (1): 43–61.

Beldad A., de Jong M., Steehouder M. 2010. How shall I trust the faceless and the intangible? A literature review on the antecedents of online trust. Computers in Human Behavior 26 (5): 857–869.

Berg J., Dickhaut J., McCabe K. 1995. Trust, reciprocity and social history. Games and Economic Behavior 10 (1): 122–142.

Bicchieri C., Xiao E., Muldoon R. 2011. Trustworthiness is a social norm, but trusting is not. Politics, Philosophy and Economics 10 (2): 170–187.

Bordum A. 2005. Trust and Leadership: On the Value-Laden Concept of Trust. Working paper № 6. Center of Market Economics. Copenhagen Business School.

Brady T. F., Oliva A. 2008. Statistical learning using real-world scenes: extracting categorical regularities without conscious intent. Psychological Science 19 (7): 678–685.

Brenkert G. G. 1998. Trust, business and business ethics: An introduction. Business Ethics Quarterly 8 (2): 195–203.

Carnevale D. G., Wechsler B. 1992. Trust in the public sector: Individual and organizational determinants. Administration and Society 23 (4): 471–494.

Castaldo S., Premazzi K., Zerbini F. 2010. The meaning(s) of trust: A content analysis on the diverse conceptualizations of trust in scholarly research on business relationships. Journal of Business Ethics 96 (4): 657–668.

Castelfranchi C., Falcone R. 2010. Trust Theory: A Socio-Cognitive and Computational Model. John Wiley & Sons: New Delhi.

Chai S.-K., Liu M., Kim M.-S. 2009. Cultural comparisons of beliefs and values: Applying the grid-group approach to the world values survey. Beliefs and Values 1 (2): 193–208.

Cohen M. A. 2014. Genuine, non-calculative trust with calculative antecedents: Reconsidering Williamson on trust. Journal of Trust Research 4 (1): 44–56.

Coleman J. S. 1990. Foundations of Social Theory. Harvard University Press: Cambridge, MA.

Colquitt J. A., Scott B. A., LePine J. A. 2007. Trust, trustworthiness, and trust propensity: A meta-analytic test of their unique relationships with risk taking and job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology 92 (4): 909–927.

Cook K. S., Hardin R., Levi M. 2005. Cooperation without Trust? Russell Sage Publications: N.Y.

Corazzini R. 1977. Trust as a complex multi-dimensional construct. Psychological Reports 40 (1): 75–80.

Costa P. T., McCrae R. 1988. Personality in adulthood: A six-year longitudinal study of self-reports and spouse ratings on the NEO personality inventory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 54 (5): 853–863.

Costigan R. D., Iiter S. S., Berman J. J. 1998. A multi-dimensional study of trust in organizations. Journal of Managerial Issues 10 (3): 303–317.

Cox J. C., Deck C. A. 2006. Assigning intentions when actions are unobservable: The impact of trembling in the trust game. Southern Economic Journal 73 (2): 307–314.

Cummings L. L., Bromiley P. 1996. The organizational trust inventory (OTI): Development and validation. In: Kramer R. M., Tyler T. R. (eds). Trust in Organizations: Frontiers of Theory and Research. Sage: Thousand Oaks, CA; 302–330.

Currall S. C., Judge T. A. 1995. Measuring trust between organizational boundary role persons. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 64 (2): 151–170.

Delgado-Ballester E., Munuera-Alemán L. J. 2001. Brand trust in the context of consumer loyalty. European Journal of Marketing 35 (11/12): 1238–1258.

Dequech D. 1999. Expectations and confidence under uncertainty. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 21 (3): 415–430.

Deutsch M. 1958. Trust and suspicion. Journal of Conflict Resolution 2 (4): 265–279.

Dietz G. 2011. Going back to the source: Why do people trust each other? Journal of Trust Research 1 (2): 215–222.

Dimoka A. 2010. What does the brain tell us about trust and distrust? Evidence from a functional neuroimaging study. MIS Quarterly 34 (2): 373–396.

Dirks K. T. 1999.The effects of interpersonal trust on work group performance. Journal of Applied Psychology 84 (3): 445–455.

Dirks K. T., Ferrin D. L. 2001. The role of trust in organizational settings. Organization Science 12 (4): 393–521.

Doney P. M., Cannon J. P., Mullen M. R. 1998. Understanding the influence of national culture on the development of trust. Academy of Management Review 23 (3): 601–620.

Dumouchel P. 2005.Trust as an action. European Journal of Sociology 46 (3): 417–428.

Dunning D., Fetchenhauer D. 2011. Understanding the psychology of trust. In: Dunning D. (ed.). Social Motivation. (Frontiers of Social Psychology). Psychology Press: N.Y.; 147–170.

Dunning D., Anderson J., Schlösser T., Ehlebracht D., Fetchenhauer D. 2014. Trust at zero acquaintance: More a matter of respect than expectation of reward. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 107 (1):122–141.

Eckel C. C., Wilson R. K. 2004. Is trust a risky decision? Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 55 (4): 447–465.

Evans A. M., Krueger J. I. 2009.The psychology (and economics) of trust. Social and Personality Psychology Compass 3 (6): 1003–1017.

Fehr E. 2009. On the economics and biology of trust. Journal of the European Economic Association 7 (2–3): 235–266.

Filkowski M. M., Anderson I. W., Haas B. W. 2015. Trying to trust: Brain activity during interpersonal social attitude change. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience 16 (2): 325–338. doi:10.3758/s13415-015-0393-0

Fink M., Harms R., Möllering G. 2010. Introduction: A strategy for overcoming the definitional struggle. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 11 (2): 101–105.

Fink M., Kessler A. 2010. Cooperation, trust and performance — empirical results from three countries. British Journal of Management 21 (2): 469–483.

Fishbein M., Ajzen I. 1975. Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research. Addison-Wesley: Reading, MA.

Fisher J., Van Heerde J., Tucker A. 2010. Does one trust judgement fit all? Linking theory and empirics. British Journal of Politics and International Relations 12 (2):161–188.

Frederiksen M. 2014. Relational trust: Outline of a Bourdieusian theory of interpersonal trust. Journal of Trust Research 4 (2): 167–192.

Fukuyama F. 1995. Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity. Free Press: N.Y.

Furlong D. 1996. The Conceptualization of "Trust" in Economic Thought. Working paper № 36. Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex: Brighton, UK.

Giddens A. 1990. The Consequences of Modernity. Polity: Oxford.

Gill H., Boies K., Finegan J. E., McNally J. 2005. Antecedents of trust: Establishing a boundary condition for the relation between propensity to trust and intention to trust. Journal of Business and Psychology 19 (3): 287–302.

Haas B. W., Ishak A., Anderson I. W., Filkowski M. M. 2015. The tendency to trust is reflected in human brain structure. NeuroImage 107: 175–181.

Hardin R. 2002. Trust and Trustworthiness. Russell Sage: N.Y.

Hardwig J. 1991. The role of trust in knowledge. Journal of Philosophy 88 (12): 693–708.

Herzig A., Lorini E., Hübner J. F., Vercouter L. 2010. A logic of trust and reputation. Logic Journal of the IGPL 18 (1): 214–244.

Hill C. A., O'Hara O'Connor E. A. 2006. A cognitive theory of trust. Washington University Law Review 84 (7): 1717–1796.

Hoff K. A., Bashir M. 2015. Trust in automation: Integrating empirical evidence on factors that influence trust. Human Factors 57 (3): 407–434.

Holton R. 1994. Deciding to trust, coming to believe. Australian Journal of Philosophy 72 (1): 63–76.

Hu Z., Wang X. T. 2014. Trust or not: Heuristics for making trust-based choices in HR management. Journal of Business Research 67 (8): 1710–1716.

Hurley R. F. 2006. The decision to trust. Harvard Business Review 84 (9): 55–62.

Jackob N. 2012. The tendency to trust as individual predisposition — exploring the associations between interpersonal trust, trust in the media and trust in institutions. Communications 37 (1): 99–120.

Johansen S., Selart M., Grønhaug K. 2009. Trust: Decision problem or performance? The Academy of Management Annual Meeting, Chicago, August. http://ssrn.com/abstract=2411701

Johnson N. D., Mislin A. A. 2011. Trust games: A meta-analysis. Journal of Economic Psychology 32 (5): 865–889.

Jones K. 1996. Trust as an affective attitude. Ethics 107 (1): 4–25.

Kasper W., Streit M. E. 1998. Institutional Economics. Edward Elgar: Cheltenham.

Kasper-Fuehrer E. C., Ashkanasy N. M. 2001. Communicating trustworthiness and building trust in interorganizational virtual organizations. Journal of Management 27 (3): 235–254.

Kee H. W., Knox R. E. 1970. Conceptual and methodological considerations in the study of trust and suspicion. Journal of Conflict Resolution 14 (3): 357–366.

Khodyakov D. 2007. Trust as a process: А three-dimensional approach. Sociology 41 (1): 115–132.

Kiefer M., Pulvermüller F. 2012. Conceptual representations in mind and brain: Theoretical developments, current evidence and future directions. Cortex 48 (7): 805–825.

Kim R., Seitz A., Feenstra H., Shams L. 2009. Testing assumptions of statistical learning: Is it long-term and implicit? Neuroscience Letters 461 (2): 145–149.

Kim Y., Peterson R. A. 2017. A meta-analysis of online trust relationships in e-commerce. Journal of Interactive Marketing 38: 44–54.

Korsgaard M. A., Brower H. H., Lester S. W. 2015. It isn’t always mutual: A critical review of dyadic trust. Journal of Management 41 (1): 47–70.

Kożuch B., Sienkiewicz-Małyjurek K., Luty L. 2015. Rational and relational bases of public managers’ new profiles in the context of trust research. Journal of Intercultural Management 7 (2): 31–47.

Kramer R. M. 1999. Trust and distrust in organizations: Emerging perspectives, enduring questions. Annual Review of Psychology 50: 569–598.

Kramer R. M., Brewer M. B., Hanna B. A. 1996. Collective Trust and Collective Action: The decision to Trust as a Social Decision. In: Kramer R. M., Tyler T. R. (eds). Trust in Organizations: Frontiers of Theory and Research. Sage: London; 357–389.

Kramer R. M. 2010. Collective trust within organizations: Conceptual foundations and empirical insights. Corporate Reputation Review 13 (2): 82–97.

Krishnan R., Martin X., Noorderhaven N. G. 2006. When does trust matter to alliance performance? Academy of Management Journal 49 (5): 894–917.

Krueger J. I. 2006. Trusting Calvin and Hobbes. Review of ‘Cooperation without trust?’ by Karen S. Cook, Russell Hardin, Margaret Levi. PsycCRITIQUES-Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books 51 (8): Article 17.

Lahno B. 2001. On the emotional character of trust. Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 4 (2): 171–189.

Lahno B. 2004. Three aspects of interpersonal trust. Analyse und Kritik 26 (1): 30–47.

Larzelere R. E., Huston T. L. 1980. The dyadic trust scale: Toward understanding interpersonal trust in close relationships. Journal of Marriage and the Family 42 (3): 595–604.

Leary M. R., Kowalski R. M. 1990. Impression management: A literature review and two-component model. Psychological Bulletin 107 (1): 34–47.

Ledingham J. A., Bruning S. D. 1998. Relationship management in public relations: Dimensions of an organization-public relationship. Public Relations Review 24 (1): 55–65.

Lee J. D., See K. A. 2004. Trust in automation: Designing for appropriate reliance. Human Factors 46 (1): 50–80.

Levi M., Stoker L. 2000. Political trust and trustworthiness. Annual Review of Political Science 3: 475–507.

Lewicki R. J., McAllister D. J., Bies R. J. 1998. Trust and distrust: New relationships and realities. Academy of Management Review 23 (3): 438–458.

Lewis J. D., Weigert A. J. 1985. Trust as a social reality. Social Forces 63 (4): 967–985.

Li P. P. 2007. Towards an interdisciplinary conceptualization of trust: A typological approach. Management and Organization Review 3 (3): 421–445.

Luhmann N. 1988. Familiarity, confidence, trust: Problems and alternatives. In: Gambetta D. (ed.). Trust: Making and Breaking of Cooperative Relations. Blackwell: Oxford; 94–107.

Macko A., Malawski M., Tyszka T. 2014. Belief in others’ trustworthiness and trusting behaviour. Polish Psychological Bulletin 45 (1): 43–51.

Madhavan P., Wiegmann D. A. 2007. Similarities and differences between human–human and human–automation trust: An integrative review. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science 8 (4): 277–301.

Markóczy L. 2004. Multiple motives behind single acts of co-operation. International Journal of Human Resource Management 15 (6): 1018–1039.

Mayer R. C., Davis J. H., Schoorman F. D. 1995. An integrative model of organizational trust. Academy of Management Review 20 (3): 709–734.

McEvily B. 2011. Reorganizing the boundaries of trust: From discrete alternatives to hybrid forms. Organization Science 22 (5): 1266–1276.

McEvily B., Perrone V., Zaheer A. 2003. Trust as an organizing principle. Organization Science 14 (1): 1–106.

McKnight H. D., Chervany N. L. 2001.Trust and distrust definitions: One bite at a time. In: Falcone R., Singh M., Tan Y.-H. (eds). Trust in Cyber-Societies. Springer: Berlin-Heidelberg; 27–54.

McKnight D. H., Cummings L. L., Chervany N. L. 1998. Initial trust formation in new organizational relationships. Academy of Management Review 23 (3): 473–490.

Merritt S. M., Ilgen D. R. 2008. Not all trust is created equal: Dispositional and history-based trust in human-automation interactions. Human Factors 50 (2): 194–210.

Meyer S., Ward P. R. 2009. Reworking the Sociology of Trust: Making a Semantic Distinction Between Trust and Dependence. The future of sociology. Proceedings of the Australian Sociological Association Conference, 1–4 December. Australian National University: Canberra. http://www.tasa.org.au/conferences/conferencepapers09/appliedsociology.htm

Meyerson D., Weick K. E., Kramer R. M. 1996. Swift trust and temporary groups. In: Kramer R. M., Tyler T. R. (eds). Trust in Organizations: Frontiers of Theory and Research. Sage: Thousand Oaks; 166–195.

Miller J. 2000. Trust: The moral importance of an emotional attitude. Practical Philosophy 3 (3): 45–54.

Mishra A. K. 1996. Organizational responses to crisis: The centrality of trust. In: Kramer R., Tyler T. (eds). Trust in Organizations: Frontiers of Theory and Research. Sage: Thousand Oaks; 261–287.

Möllering G. 2001. The nature of trust: From Georg Simmel to a theory of expectation, interpretation and suspension. Sociology 35 (2): 403–420.

Möllering G. 2003. Ideal-Types of Trust and the Role of Suspension. European Academy of Management Conference, 3–5 April. Milan, Italy.

Moorman C., Deshpande R., Zaltman G. 1992. Relationships between providers and users of market research: The dynamics of trust within and between organizations. Journal of Marketing Research 29 (3): 314–328.

Nave G., Camerer C., McCullough M. 2015. Does oxytocin increase trust in humans? A critical review of research. Perspectives on Psychological Science 10 (6): 772–789.

Newton K. 2001. Trust, social capital, civil society, and democracy. International Political Science Review 22 (2): 201–214.

Nooteboom B. 2002. Trust: Forms, Foundations, Functions, Failures and Figures. Edward Elgar: Cheltenham.

Oliveira T., Alhinho M., Rita P., Dhillon G. 2017. Modelling and testing consumer trust dimensions in e-commerce. Computers in Human Behavior 71: 153–164.

Olivola C. Y., Todorov A. 2010. Elected in 100 milliseconds: Appearance-based trait inferences and voting. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 34 (2): 83–110.

Paxton P., Glanville J. L. 2015. Is trust rigid or malleable? A laboratory experiment. Social Psychology Quarterly 78 (2): 194–204.

Poppo L., Zhou K. Z., Li J. J. 2016. When can you trust “trust”? Calculative trust, relational trust, and supplier performance. Strategic Management Journal 37 (4): 724–741.

Posten A.-C., Ockenfels A., Mussweiler T. 2014. How activating cognitive content shapes trust: A subliminal priming study. Journal of Economic Psychology 41: 12–19.

PytlikZillig L. M., Kimbrough C. D. 2016. Consensus on conceptualizations and definitions of trust: Are we there yet? In: Shockley E., Neal T. M. S., PytlikZillig L. M., Bornstein B. H. (eds). Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Trust: Towards Theoretical and Methodological Integration. Springer: N.Y.; 17–47.

Raichle M. E. 2014. The restless brain: How intrinsic activity organizes brain function. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370: 1–11. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4387513/pdf/rstb20140172.pdf

Raichle M. E. 2015. The Brain's Default Mode Network. Annual Review of Neuroscience 38: 433–447.

Rand D. G. 2016. Cooperation, fast and slow: Meta-analytic evidence for a theory of social heuristics and self-interested deliberation. Psychological Science 27 (9): 1192–1206.

Raymond L. 2006. Cooperation without trust: Overcoming collective action barriers to endangered species protection. Policy Studies Journal 34 (1): 37–57.

Reich-Graefe R. 2014. Calculative trust: Oxymoron or tautology? Journal of Trust Research 4 (1): 66–82.

Reiersen J. 2018. Drivers of trust and trustworthiness. International Journal of Social Economics. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-01-2018-0025

Rempel J. K., Holmes J. G., Zanna M. P. 1985. Trust in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 49 (1): 95–112.

Reimann M., Schilke O., Cook K. S. 2017. Trust is heritable, whereas distrust is not. PNAS 114 (27): 7007–7012.

Robinson S. L. 1996. Trust and breach of the psychological contract. Administrative Science Quarterly 41 (4): 574–599.

Rothstein B., Stolle D. 2008. The state and social capital: An institutional theory of generalized trust. Comparative Politics 40 (4): 441–459.

Rotter J. B. 1967. A new scale for the measurement of interpersonal trust. Journal of Personality 35 (4): 651–665.

Rotter J. B. 1971. Generalized expectancies for interpersonal trust. American Psychologist 26 (5): 443–452.

Rousseau D. M., Sitkin S. B., Burt R. S., Camerer C. F. 1998. Not so different after all: A cross-discipline view of trust. Academy of Management Review 23 (3): 393–404.

Saunders M. N. K., Skinner D., Dietz G., Gillespie N., Lewicki R. J. (eds). 2010. Organizational Trust: A Cultural Perspective. Cambridge University Press: N.Y.

Serva M. A., Fuller M. A. 2004. The effects of trustworthiness perceptions on the formation of initial trust: Implications for MIS student teams. Journal of Information Systems Education 15 (4): 383–395.

Shankar V., Urban G. L., Sultan F. 2002. Online trust: A stakeholder perspective, concepts, implications, and future directions. Journal of Strategic Information Systems 11 (3–4): 325–344.

Sheeran P. 2002. Intention–behavior relations: A conceptual and empirical review. European Review of Social Psychology 12 (1): 1–36.

Shockley E., ‎ Neal T. M. S., ‎ PytlikZillig L. M., Bornstein B. H. (eds). 2015. Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Trust: Towards Theoretical and Methodological Integration. Springer: Berlin.

Sparks A., Burleigh T., Barclay P. 2016. We can see inside: Accurate prediction of prisoner's dilemma decisions in announced games following a face-to-face interaction. Evolution and Human Behavior 37 (3): 210–216.

Stanford T. R., Shankar S., Massoglia D. P., Costello M. G., Salinas E. 2010. Perceptual decision making in less than 30 milliseconds. Nature Neuroscience 13 (3): 379–385.

Stern M. J., Coleman K. J. 2015. The multidimensionality of trust: Applications in collaborative natural resource management. Society and Natural Resources 28 (2): 117–132.

Stolle D., Nishikawa L. 2011.Trusting others — how parents shape the generalized trust of their children. Comparative Sociology 10 (2): 281–314.

Sturgis P., Read S., Hatemi P. K., Zhu G., Trull T., Wright M. J., Martin N. G. 2010. A genetic basis for social trust? Political Behavior 32 (2): 205–230.

Sztompka P. 1999. Trust: A Sociological Theory. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.

Taormina R. J., Sun R. 2015. Antecedents and outcomes of psychological insecurity and interpersonal trust among Chinese people. Psychological Thought 8 (2): 173–188.

Todorov A., Pakrashi M., Oosterhof N. N. 2009. Evaluating faces on trustworthiness after minimal time exposure. Social Cognition 27 (6): 813–833.

Todorov A., Olivola C. Y., Dotsch R., Mende-Siedlecki P. 2015. Social attributions from faces: Determinants, consequences, accuracy, and functional significance. Annual Review of Psychology 66: 519–545.

Tomasello M., Melis A. P., Tennie C., Wyman E., Herrmann E. 2012. Two key steps in the evolution of human cooperation the interdependence hypothesis. Current Anthropology 53 (6): 673–692.

Tomasello M., Vaish A. 2013. Origins of human cooperation and morality. Annual review of psychology 64: 231–255.

Tschannen-Moran M., Hoy W. K. 2000. A multidisciplinary analysis of the nature, meaning, and measurement of trust. Review of Educational Research 70 (4): 547–593.

Turk-Browne N. B., Junge J. A., Scholl B. J. 2005. The automaticity of visual statistical learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 134 (4): 552–564.

Uslaner E. M. 2002. The Moral Foundations of Trust. Cambridge University Press: N.Y.

van der Werff L., Buckley F. 2017. Getting to know you: A longitudinal examination of trust cues and trust development during socialization. Journal of Management 43 (3): 742–770.

Van Lange P. A. M. 2015. Generalized trust: Four lessons from genetics and culture. Current Directions in Psychological Science 24 (1): 71–76.

Van Lange P. A. M., Vinkhuyzen A. A. E., Posthuma D. 2014. Genetic influences are virtually absent for trust. PLoS ONE 9 (4): e93880. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0093880

Verosky S. C., Porter J., Martinez J. E., Todorov A. 2018. Robust effects of affective person learning on evaluation of faces. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 114 (4): 516–528.

Walterbusch M., Gräuler M., Teuteberg F. 2014. How Trust is Defined: A Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Scientific Literature. 20th Americas Conference on Information Systems, Savannah. http://aisel.aisnet.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1142&context=amcis2014

Wang S., Falvello V., Porter J., Said C. P., Todorov A. 2018. Behavioral and neural adaptation in approach behavior. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 30 (6): 885–897.

Wang R., Shen Y., Tino P., Welchman A. E., Kourtzi Z. 2017. Learning predictive statistics: Strategies and brain mechanisms. Journal of Neuroscience 37: 8412–8427.

Welch M. R., Rivera R. E. N., Conway B. P., Yonkoski J., Lupton P. M., Giancola R. 2005. Determinants and consequences of social trust. Sociological Inquiry 75 (4): 453–473.

Whitener E. M., Brodt S. E., Korsgaard M. A., Werner J. M. 1998. Managers as initiators of trust: An exchange relationship framework for understanding managerial trustworthy behavior. Academy of Management Review 23 (3): 513–530.

Williams M. 2001. In whom we trust: Group membership as an affective context for trust development. Academy of Management Review 26 (3): 377–396.

Williamson O. E. 1993. Calculativeness, trust and economic organization. Journal of Law and Economics 36 (1): 453–486.

Yakovleva M., Reilly R. R., Werko R. 2010. Why do we trust? Moving beyond individual to dyadic perceptions. Journal of Applied Psychology 95 (1): 79–91.

Zaheer A., McEvily B., Perrone V. 1998. Does trust matter? Exploring the effects of interorganizational and interpersonal trust on performance. Organization Science 9 (2): 141–159.

Zand D. E. 1972. Trust and managerial problem solving. Administrative Science Quarterly 17 (2): 229–239.

Zucker L. G. 1986. Production of trust: Institutional sources of economic structure, 1840–1920. In: Staw B. M., Cummings L. L. (eds). Research in Organizational Behavior, Vol. 8. JAI Press: Greenwich; p. 53–111.